Error: Could not serialize object: Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063.For more information, see SPARK-5063. 5 results = train_and_evaluate (temp) init (self, fn, *args, **kwargs) init init (self, fn, *args, **kwargs) --> 788 self.fn = pickler.loads (pickler.dumps (self.fn)) --> 258 s = dill.dumps (o)spark的调试问题. spark运行过程中的数据总是以RDD的方式存储，使用Logger等日志模块时，对RDD内数据无法识别，应先使用行为操作转化为scala数据结构然后输出。. scala Map 排序. 对于scala Map数据的排序，使用 scala.collection.immutable.ListMap 和 sortWiht (sortBy),具体用法如下 ...Jul 27, 2021 · For more information, see SPARK-5063. The objective of this piece of code is to create a flag for every row based on the date differences. Multiple rows per user are supplied to the function to create the values of the flag. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. from pyspark import SparkContext from awsglue.context import GlueContext from awsglue.transforms import SelectFields import ray import settings sc = SparkContext.getOrCreate () glue_context = GlueContext (sc) @ray.remote def ...Often, a unit of execution in an application consists of multiple Spark actions or jobs. Application programmers can use this method to group all those jobs together and give a group description. Once set, the Spark web UI will associate such jobs with this group. 17. You are passing a pyspark dataframe, df_whitelist to a UDF, pyspark dataframes cannot be pickled. You are also doing computations on a dataframe inside a UDF which is not acceptable (not possible). Keep in mind that your function is going to be called as many times as the number of rows in your dataframe, so you should keep computations ...{"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"python/pyspark":{"items":[{"name":"cloudpickle","path":"python/pyspark/cloudpickle","contentType":"directory ...May 27, 2017 · broadcast [T] (value: T) (implicit arg0: ClassTag [T]): Broadcast [T] Broadcast a read-only variable to the cluster, returning a org.apache.spark.broadcast.Broadcast object for reading it in distributed functions. The variable will be sent to each cluster only once. You can only broadcast a real value, but an RDD is just a container of values ... The issue is that, as self._mapping appears in the function addition, when applying addition_udf to the pyspark dataframe, the object self (i.e. the AnimalsToNumbers class) has to be serialized but it can’t be. A (surprisingly simple) way is to create a reference to the dictionary ( self._mapping) but not the object: AnimalsToNumbers (spark ..."Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transforamtion. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063." Any help with how to deal with the broadcast variables will be great!Mar 18, 2021 · SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. For understanding a bit better what I am trying to do, let me give an example illustrating a possible use case : Lets say given_df is a dataframe of sentences, where each sentence consist of some words separated by space. pyspark.SparkContext.broadcast. ¶. SparkContext.broadcast(value: T) → pyspark.broadcast.Broadcast [ T] [source] ¶. Broadcast a read-only variable to the cluster, returning a Broadcast object for reading it in distributed functions. The variable will be sent to each cluster only once. New in version 0.7.0. Parameters. valueT.Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transforamtion. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063.Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transforamtion. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. Instead of that official documentation recommends something like this:RDD transformations and actions can only be invoked by the driver, not inside of other transformations; for example, rdd1.map(lambda x: rdd2.values.count() * x) is invalid because the values transformation and count action cannot be performed inside of the rdd1.map transformation. For more information, see SPARK-5063.Oct 29, 2018 · 2. Think about Spark Broadcast variable as a Python simple data type like list, So the problem is how to pass a variable to the UDF functions. Here is an example: Suppose we have ages list d and a data frame with columns name and age. So we want to check if the age of each person is in ages list. Jun 26, 2018 · Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. #88 3. Spark RDD Broadcast variable example. Below is a very simple example of how to use broadcast variables on RDD. This example defines commonly used data (country and states) in a Map variable and distributes the variable using SparkContext.broadcast () and then use these variables on RDD map () transformation. 4.As explained in the SPARK-5063 "Spark does not support nested RDDs". You are trying to access centroids (RDD) in map on sig_vecs (RDD): docs = sig_vecs.map(lambda x: k_means.classify_docs(x, centroids)) Converting centroids to a local collection (collect?) and adjusting classify_docs should address the problem.spark.sql("select * from test") --need to pass select values as intput values to same function --used pandas df for calling function – pythonUser Feb 24, 2021 at 16:08Jul 14, 2015 · Spark: Broadcast variables: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transforamtion. 0. Spark: Broadcast variables: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transforamtion. By referencing the object containing your broadcast variable in your map lambda, Spark will attempt to serialize the whole object and ship it to workers. Since the object contains a reference to the ...Jan 3, 2018 · For more information, see SPARK-5063. (2) When a Spark Streaming job recovers from checkpoint, this exception will be hit if a reference to an RDD not defined by the streaming job is used in DStream operations. For more information, See SPARK-13758. Not working even after I revoked it and I'm not using any objects. Code Updated: There are 41 replacement spark plugs for Denso 5063 . The cross references are for general reference only, please check for correct specifications and measurements for your application. Denso 5063 replacement spark plugs ACDelco HE2 Autolite 3923 Autolite 9064 Bosch F7LDCR Bosch F8LDCR Bosch FGR7DQE+ Bosch FGR7DQP Bosch FGR8KQC Bosch FLR7LDCUOften, a unit of execution in an application consists of multiple Spark actions or jobs. Application programmers can use this method to group all those jobs together and give a group description. Once set, the Spark web UI will associate such jobs with this group. Aug 5, 2020 · I am trying to write a function in Azure databricks. I would like to spark.sql inside the function. But it looks like I cannot use it with worker nodes. def SEL_ID(value, index): # some processing on value here ans = spark.sql("SELECT id FROM table WHERE bin = index") return ans spark.udf.register("SEL_ID", SEL_ID) Aug 21, 2017 · I downloaded a file and now I'm trying to write it as a dataframe to hdfs. import requests from pyspark import SparkContext, SparkConf conf = SparkConf().setAppName('Write Data').setMaster('loca... For more information, see SPARK-5063. #88. mohaimenz opened this issue Jun 26, 2018 · 18 comments Comments. Copy link mohaimenz commented Jun 26, 2018.Jan 3, 2022 · SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. from pyspark import SparkContext from awsglue.context import GlueContext from awsglue.transforms import SelectFields import ray import settings sc = SparkContext.getOrCreate () glue_context = GlueContext (sc) @ray.remote def ... It's a Spark problem :) When you apply function to Dataframe (or RDD) Spark needs to serialize it and send to all executors. It's not really possible to serialize FastText's code, because part of it is native (in C++). Possible solution would be to save model to disk, then for each spark partition load model from disk and apply it to the data.So when you say it should execute self.decode_module() inside the nodes, PySpark tries to pickle the whole (self) object (that contains a reference to the spark context). To fix that, you just need to remove the SparkContext reference from the telco_cn class and use a different approach like using the SparkContext before calling the class ...Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transforamtion. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063.Jul 13, 2021 · Could not serialize object: Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. Is there any way to run a SQL query for each row of a dataframe in PySpark? Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about TeamsMay 2, 2015 · For more information, see SPARK-5063. As the error says, i'm trying to map (transformation) a JavaRDD object within the main map function, how is it possible with Apache Spark? The main JavaPairRDD object (TextFile and Word are defined classes): JavaPairRDD<TextFile, JavaRDD<Word>> filesWithWords = new... and map function: SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. from pyspark import SparkContext from awsglue.context import GlueContext from awsglue.transforms import SelectFields import ray import settings sc = SparkContext.getOrCreate () glue_context = GlueContext (sc) @ray.remote def ...Jul 25, 2020 · Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about Teams Feb 1, 2021 · I am getting the following error: PicklingError: Could not serialize object: Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. Often, a unit of execution in an application consists of multiple Spark actions or jobs. Application programmers can use this method to group all those jobs together and give a group description. Once set, the Spark web UI will associate such jobs with this group. In this blog, I will teach you the following with practical examples: Syntax of map () Using the map () function on RDD. Using the map () function on DataFrame. map () is a transformation used to apply the transformation function (lambda) on every element of RDD/DataFrame and returns a new RDD. Syntax: dataframe_name.map ()Apache Spark. Databricks Runtime 10.4 LTS includes Apache Spark 3.2.1. This release includes all Spark fixes and improvements included in Databricks Runtime 10.3 (Unsupported), as well as the following additional bug fixes and improvements made to Spark: [SPARK-38322] [SQL] Support query stage show runtime statistics in formatted explain mode.For more information, see SPARK-5063. The objective of this piece of code is to create a flag for every row based on the date differences. Multiple rows per user are supplied to the function to create the values of the flag.The mlflow.spark module provides an API for logging and loading Spark MLlib models. This module exports Spark MLlib models with the following flavors: Spark MLlib (native) format. Allows models to be loaded as Spark Transformers for scoring in a Spark session. Models with this flavor can be loaded as PySpark PipelineModel objects in Python.It's a Spark problem :) When you apply function to Dataframe (or RDD) Spark needs to serialize it and send to all executors. It's not really possible to serialize FastText's code, because part of it is native (in C++). Possible solution would be to save model to disk, then for each spark partition load model from disk and apply it to the data.Aug 5, 2020 · I am trying to write a function in Azure databricks. I would like to spark.sql inside the function. But it looks like I cannot use it with worker nodes. def SEL_ID(value, index): # some processing on value here ans = spark.sql("SELECT id FROM table WHERE bin = index") return ans spark.udf.register("SEL_ID", SEL_ID) PicklingError: Could not serialize object: Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063.There are 41 replacement spark plugs for Denso 5063 . The cross references are for general reference only, please check for correct specifications and measurements for your application. Denso 5063 replacement spark plugs ACDelco HE2 Autolite 3923 Autolite 9064 Bosch F7LDCR Bosch F8LDCR Bosch FGR7DQE+ Bosch FGR7DQP Bosch FGR8KQC Bosch FLR7LDCUMay 27, 2017 · broadcast [T] (value: T) (implicit arg0: ClassTag [T]): Broadcast [T] Broadcast a read-only variable to the cluster, returning a org.apache.spark.broadcast.Broadcast object for reading it in distributed functions. The variable will be sent to each cluster only once. You can only broadcast a real value, but an RDD is just a container of values ... SparkContext can only be used on the driver. When you invoke map you are on an Executor. The link I sent you runs parallel collection and is invoked from the Driver, also doing some zipping stuff. I discussed this with that person on that question as that is what became of it. That is the correct approach imho.Spark: Broadcast variables: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transforamtion. 0.RDD transformations and actions can only be invoked by the driver, not inside of other transformations; for example, rdd1.map(lambda x: rdd2.values.count() * x) is invalid because the values transformation and count action cannot be performed inside of the rdd1.map transformation. For more information, see SPARK-5063.This article describes how Apache Spark is related to Azure Databricks and the Azure Databricks Lakehouse Platform. Apache Spark is at the heart of the Azure Databricks Lakehouse Platform and is the technology powering compute clusters and SQL warehouses. Azure Databricks is an optimized platform for Apache Spark, providing an efficient and ...GroupedData.applyInPandas(func, schema) ¶. Maps each group of the current DataFrame using a pandas udf and returns the result as a DataFrame. The function should take a pandas.DataFrame and return another pandas.DataFrame. For each group, all columns are passed together as a pandas.DataFrame to the user-function and the returned pandas ...Jan 3, 2018 · For more information, see SPARK-5063. (2) When a Spark Streaming job recovers from checkpoint, this exception will be hit if a reference to an RDD not defined by the streaming job is used in DStream operations. For more information, See SPARK-13758. Not working even after I revoked it and I'm not using any objects. Code Updated: For more information, see SPARK-5063. edit: It seems the issue is that sklearn cross_validate() clones the estimator for each fit in a fashion similar to pickling the estimator object which is not allowed for PySpark GridsearchCV estimator because a SparkContext() object cannot/should not be pickled.May 5, 2022 · Error: Could not serialize object: Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. Jul 7, 2022 · with mlflow.start_run (run_name="SomeModel_run"): model = SomeModel () mlflow.pyfunc.log_model ("somemodel", python_model=model) RuntimeError: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. SPARK-5063 relates to better error messages when trying to nest RDD operations, which is not supported. It's a usability issue, not a functional one. The root cause is the nesting of RDD operations and the solution is to break that up. Here we are trying a join of dRDD and mRDD.Dec 11, 2020 · Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. I also tried with the following (simple) neural network and command, and I receive EXACTLY the same error It's a Spark problem :) When you apply function to Dataframe (or RDD) Spark needs to serialize it and send to all executors. It's not really possible to serialize FastText's code, because part of it is native (in C++). Possible solution would be to save model to disk, then for each spark partition load model from disk and apply it to the data.For more information, see SPARK-5063. #88. mohaimenz opened this issue Jun 26, 2018 · 18 comments Comments. Copy link mohaimenz commented Jun 26, 2018.Aug 21, 2017 · I downloaded a file and now I'm trying to write it as a dataframe to hdfs. import requests from pyspark import SparkContext, SparkConf conf = SparkConf().setAppName('Write Data').setMaster('loca... Aug 7, 2021 · Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. However, I am able to successfully implement using multithreading: For more information, see SPARK-5063. _pickle.PicklingError: Could not serialize object: Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. 代码Often, a unit of execution in an application consists of multiple Spark actions or jobs. Application programmers can use this method to group all those jobs together and give a group description. Once set, the Spark web UI will associate such jobs with this group. May 25, 2022 · PicklingError: Could not serialize object: Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063; I want to submit multiple sql scripts to the transform function that just does spark.sql() over script.SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. from pyspark import SparkContext from awsglue.context import GlueContext from awsglue.transforms import SelectFields import ray import settings sc = SparkContext.getOrCreate () glue_context = GlueContext (sc) @ray.remote def ...17. You are passing a pyspark dataframe, df_whitelist to a UDF, pyspark dataframes cannot be pickled. You are also doing computations on a dataframe inside a UDF which is not acceptable (not possible). Keep in mind that your function is going to be called as many times as the number of rows in your dataframe, so you should keep computations ...Feb 24, 2021 · spark.sql("select * from test") --need to pass select values as intput values to same function --used pandas df for calling function – pythonUser Feb 24, 2021 at 16:08 This article describes how Apache Spark is related to Azure Databricks and the Azure Databricks Lakehouse Platform. Apache Spark is at the heart of the Azure Databricks Lakehouse Platform and is the technology powering compute clusters and SQL warehouses. Azure Databricks is an optimized platform for Apache Spark, providing an efficient and ...RDD transformations and actions can only be invoked by the driver, not inside of other transformations; for example, rdd1.map(lambda x: rdd2.values.count() * x) is invalid because the values transformation and count action cannot be performed inside of the rdd1.map transformation. For more information, see SPARK-5063.org.apache.spark.SparkException: RDD transformations and actions can only be invoked by the driver, not inside of other transformations; for example, rdd1.map (x => rdd2.values.count () * x) is invalid because the values transformation and count action cannot be performed inside of the rdd1.map transformation. For more information, see SPARK-5063.Error: Could not serialize object: Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063.For more information, see SPARK-5063. _pickle.PicklingError: Could not serialize object: Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. 代码 I want to make sentiment analysis using Kafka and Spark. What I want to do is read Streaming Data from Kafka and then using Spark to batch the data. After that, I want to analyze the batch using function sentimentPredict() that I have maked using Tensorflow.df = spark.createDataFrame(data,schema=schema) Now we do two things. First, we create a function colsInt and register it. That registered function calls another function toInt (), which we don’t need to register. The first argument in udf.register (“colsInt”, colsInt) is the name we’ll use to refer to the function.Feb 1, 2021 · I am getting the following error: PicklingError: Could not serialize object: Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. Using foreach to fill a list from Pyspark data frame. foreach () is used to iterate over the rows in a PySpark data frame and using this we are going to add the data from each row to a list. The foreach () function is an action and it is executed on the driver node and not on the worker nodes. This means that it is not recommended to use ...Dec 11, 2020 · Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. I also tried with the following (simple) neural network and command, and I receive EXACTLY the same error For more information, see SPARK-5063. _pickle.PicklingError: Could not serialize object: Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. 代码2. Think about Spark Broadcast variable as a Python simple data type like list, So the problem is how to pass a variable to the UDF functions. Here is an example: Suppose we have ages list d and a data frame with columns name and age. So we want to check if the age of each person is in ages list.Dec 11, 2020 · Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. I also tried with the following (simple) neural network and command, and I receive EXACTLY the same error Jul 25, 2020 · Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about Teams Above example first creates a DataFrame, transform the data using broadcast variable and yields below output. You can also use the broadcast variable on the filter and joins. Below is a filter example. # Broadcast variable on filter filteDf= df.where((df['state'].isin(broadcastStates.value)))May 25, 2022 · PicklingError: Could not serialize object: Exception: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transformation. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. Jul 14, 2015 · Spark: Broadcast variables: It appears that you are attempting to reference SparkContext from a broadcast variable, action, or transforamtion. 0.
Mar 1, 2023 · Using foreach to fill a list from Pyspark data frame. foreach () is used to iterate over the rows in a PySpark data frame and using this we are going to add the data from each row to a list. The foreach () function is an action and it is executed on the driver node and not on the worker nodes. This means that it is not recommended to use ... . Log4j vulnerability
For more information, see SPARK-5063. apache-spark; apache-spark-sql; pyspark; Share. Improve this question. Follow edited Sep 30, 2019 at 2:52. Pyspark Developer. SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. For understanding a bit better what I am trying to do, let me give an example illustrating a possible use case : Lets say given_df is a dataframe of sentences, where each sentence consist of some words separated by space.2. Think about Spark Broadcast variable as a Python simple data type like list, So the problem is how to pass a variable to the UDF functions. Here is an example: Suppose we have ages list d and a data frame with columns name and age. So we want to check if the age of each person is in ages list.For more information, see SPARK-5063. (2) When a Spark Streaming job recovers from checkpoint, this exception will be hit if a reference to an RDD not defined by the streaming job is used in DStream operations. For more information, See SPARK-13758.Mar 18, 2021 · SparkContext can only be used on the driver, not in code that it run on workers. For more information, see SPARK-5063. For understanding a bit better what I am trying to do, let me give an example illustrating a possible use case : Lets say given_df is a dataframe of sentences, where each sentence consist of some words separated by space. Jul 10, 2019 · It's a Spark problem :) When you apply function to Dataframe (or RDD) Spark needs to serialize it and send to all executors. It's not really possible to serialize FastText's code, because part of it is native (in C++). Possible solution would be to save model to disk, then for each spark partition load model from disk and apply it to the data. @G_cy the broadcast is an optimization of serialization. With serialization, Spark would need to serialize the map with each task dispatched to the executors.spark.sql("select * from test") --need to pass select values as intput values to same function --used pandas df for calling function – pythonUser Feb 24, 2021 at 16:08As explained in the SPARK-5063 "Spark does not support nested RDDs". You are trying to access centroids (RDD) in map on sig_vecs (RDD): docs = sig_vecs.map(lambda x: k_means.classify_docs(x, centroids)) Converting centroids to a local collection (collect?) and adjusting classify_docs should address the problem.spark的调试问题. spark运行过程中的数据总是以RDD的方式存储，使用Logger等日志模块时，对RDD内数据无法识别，应先使用行为操作转化为scala数据结构然后输出。. scala Map 排序. 对于scala Map数据的排序，使用 scala.collection.immutable.ListMap 和 sortWiht (sortBy),具体用法如下 ...def pickleFile (self, name: str, minPartitions: Optional [int] = None)-> RDD [Any]: """ Load an RDD previously saved using :meth:`RDD.saveAsPickleFile` method... versionadded:: 1.1.0 Parameters-----name : str directory to the input data files, the path can be comma separated paths as a list of inputs minPartitions : int, optional suggested minimum number of partitions for the resulting RDD ... Jun 23, 2017 · For more information, see SPARK-5063. (2) When a Spark Streaming job recovers from checkpoint, this exception will be hit if a reference to an RDD not defined by the streaming job is used in DStream operations. For more information, See SPARK-13758. The issue is that, as self._mapping appears in the function addition, when applying addition_udf to the pyspark dataframe, the object self (i.e. the AnimalsToNumbers class) has to be serialized but it can’t be. A (surprisingly simple) way is to create a reference to the dictionary ( self._mapping) but not the object: AnimalsToNumbers (spark ....
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